AustralieFrV1, Main, Exploration, bibRecord, 001439

Weak tradeoff between xylem safety and xylem-specific hydraulic efficiency across the world's woody plant species.

Identifieur interne : 001439 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 001438; suivant : 001440

Weak tradeoff between xylem safety and xylem-specific hydraulic efficiency across the world's woody plant species.

Auteurs : Sean M. Gleason [Australie] ; Mark Westoby [Australie] ; Steven Jansen [Allemagne] ; Brendan Choat [Australie] ; Uwe G. Hacke [Canada] ; Robert B. Pratt [États-Unis] ; Radika Bhaskar [États-Unis] ; Tim J. Brodribb [Australie] ; Sandra J. Bucci [Argentine] ; Kun-Fang Cao [République populaire de Chine] ; Hervé Cochard [France] ; Sylvain Delzon [France] ; Jean-Christophe Domec [France] ; Ze-Xin Fan [République populaire de Chine] ; Taylor S. Feild [Australie] ; Anna L. Jacobsen [États-Unis] ; Daniel M. Johnson [États-Unis] ; Frederic Lens [Pays-Bas] ; Hafiz Maherali [Canada] ; Jordi Martínez-Vilalta [Espagne] ; Stefan Mayr [Autriche] ; Katherine A. Mcculloh [États-Unis] ; Maurizio Mencuccini [Espagne] ; Patrick J. Mitchell [Australie] ; Hugh Morris [Allemagne] ; Andrea Nardini [Italie] ; Jarmila Pittermann [États-Unis] ; Lenka Plavcová [Allemagne] ; Stefan G. Schreiber [Canada] ; John S. Sperry [États-Unis] ; Ian J. Wright [Australie] ; Amy E. Zanne [États-Unis]

Source :

The New phytologist [ 1469-8137 ] ; 2016.

RBID : pubmed:26378984

Descripteurs français

KwdFr :
- Angiospermes (physiologie), Bois, Eau (physiologie), Feuilles de plante (physiologie), Gymnospermes (physiologie), Transpiration des plantes, Xylème (physiologie).
MESH :
- physiologie : Angiospermes, Eau, Feuilles de plante, Gymnospermes, Xylème.
- Bois, Transpiration des plantes.

English descriptors

KwdEn :
- Angiosperms (physiology), Gymnosperms (physiology), Plant Leaves (physiology), Plant Transpiration, Water (physiology), Wood, Xylem (physiology).
MESH :
- chemical , physiology : Water.
- physiology : Angiosperms, Gymnosperms, Plant Leaves, Xylem.
- Plant Transpiration, Wood.

Abstract

The evolution of lignified xylem allowed for the efficient transport of water under tension, but also exposed the vascular network to the risk of gas emboli and the spread of gas between xylem conduits, thus impeding sap transport to the leaves. A well-known hypothesis proposes that the safety of xylem (its ability to resist embolism formation and spread) should trade off against xylem efficiency (its capacity to transport water). We tested this safety-efficiency hypothesis in branch xylem across 335 angiosperm and 89 gymnosperm species. Safety was considered at three levels: the xylem water potentials where 12%, 50% and 88% of maximal conductivity are lost. Although correlations between safety and efficiency were weak (r(2) < 0.086), no species had high efficiency and high safety, supporting the idea for a safety-efficiency tradeoff. However, many species had low efficiency and low safety. Species with low efficiency and low safety were weakly associated (r(2) < 0.02 in most cases) with higher wood density, lower leaf- to sapwood-area and shorter stature. There appears to be no persuasive explanation for the considerable number of species with both low efficiency and low safety. These species represent a real challenge for understanding the evolution of xylem.

DOI: 10.1111/nph.13646
PubMed: 26378984

Affiliations:

Allemagne, Argentine, Australie, Autriche, Canada, Espagne, France, Italie, Pays-Bas, République populaire de Chine, États-Unis
Catalogne, Hollande-Méridionale
Barcelone, Leyde

Le document en format XML

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<author><name sortKey="Johnson, Daniel M" sort="Johnson, Daniel M" uniqKey="Johnson D" first="Daniel M" last="Johnson">Daniel M. Johnson</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
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<wicri:noRegion>2109</wicri:noRegion>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Westoby, Mark" sort="Westoby, Mark" uniqKey="Westoby M" first="Mark" last="Westoby">Mark Westoby</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109</wicri:regionArea>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jansen, Steven" sort="Jansen, Steven" uniqKey="Jansen S" first="Steven" last="Jansen">Steven Jansen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Choat, Brendan" sort="Choat, Brendan" uniqKey="Choat B" first="Brendan" last="Choat">Brendan Choat</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, 2753</wicri:regionArea>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hacke, Uwe G" sort="Hacke, Uwe G" uniqKey="Hacke U" first="Uwe G" last="Hacke">Uwe G. Hacke</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3</wicri:regionArea>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pratt, Robert B" sort="Pratt, Robert B" uniqKey="Pratt R" first="Robert B" last="Pratt">Robert B. Pratt</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biology, California State University, Bakersfield, CA, 93311, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology, California State University, Bakersfield, CA, 93311</wicri:regionArea>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bhaskar, Radika" sort="Bhaskar, Radika" uniqKey="Bhaskar R" first="Radika" last="Bhaskar">Radika Bhaskar</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biology, Haverford College, 370 Lancaster Avenue, Haverford, PA, 19041, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology, Haverford College, 370 Lancaster Avenue, Haverford, PA, 19041</wicri:regionArea>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brodribb, Tim J" sort="Brodribb, Tim J" uniqKey="Brodribb T" first="Tim J" last="Brodribb">Tim J. Brodribb</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001</wicri:regionArea>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bucci, Sandra J" sort="Bucci, Sandra J" uniqKey="Bucci S" first="Sandra J" last="Bucci">Sandra J. Bucci</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Grupo de Estudios Biofísicos y Eco-fisiológicos (GEBEF), Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, 9000, Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Grupo de Estudios Biofísicos y Eco-fisiológicos (GEBEF), Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, 9000, Comodoro Rivadavia</wicri:regionArea>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cao, Kun Fang" sort="Cao, Kun Fang" uniqKey="Cao K" first="Kun-Fang" last="Cao">Kun-Fang Cao</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Plant Ecophysiology and Evolution Group, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, and College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Daxuedonglu 100, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Plant Ecophysiology and Evolution Group, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, and College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Daxuedonglu 100, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>530004</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cochard, Herve" sort="Cochard, Herve" uniqKey="Cochard H" first="Hervé" last="Cochard">Hervé Cochard</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>INRA, UMR547 PIAF, F-63100, Clermont-Ferrand, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>INRA, UMR547 PIAF, F-63100, Clermont-Ferrand</wicri:regionArea>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Delzon, Sylvain" sort="Delzon, Sylvain" uniqKey="Delzon S" first="Sylvain" last="Delzon">Sylvain Delzon</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>INRA, University of Bordeaux, UMR BIOGECO, F-33450, Talence, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>INRA, University of Bordeaux, UMR BIOGECO, F-33450, Talence</wicri:regionArea>
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<wicri:noRegion>33450, Talence</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Domec, Jean Christophe" sort="Domec, Jean Christophe" uniqKey="Domec J" first="Jean-Christophe" last="Domec">Jean-Christophe Domec</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Bordeaux Sciences AGRO, UMR1391 ISPA INRA, 1 Cours du général de Gaulle, 33175, Gradignan Cedex, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Bordeaux Sciences AGRO, UMR1391 ISPA INRA, 1 Cours du général de Gaulle, 33175, Gradignan Cedex</wicri:regionArea>
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<wicri:noRegion>33175, Gradignan Cedex</wicri:noRegion>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fan, Ze Xin" sort="Fan, Ze Xin" uniqKey="Fan Z" first="Ze-Xin" last="Fan">Ze-Xin Fan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303</wicri:regionArea>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Feild, Taylor S" sort="Feild, Taylor S" uniqKey="Feild T" first="Taylor S" last="Feild">Taylor S. Feild</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, 4811, Australia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, 4811</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>4811</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jacobsen, Anna L" sort="Jacobsen, Anna L" uniqKey="Jacobsen A" first="Anna L" last="Jacobsen">Anna L. Jacobsen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biology, California State University, Bakersfield, CA, 93311, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology, California State University, Bakersfield, CA, 93311</wicri:regionArea>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Johnson, Daniel M" sort="Johnson, Daniel M" uniqKey="Johnson D" first="Daniel M" last="Johnson">Daniel M. Johnson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Forest, Rangeland and Fire Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Forest, Rangeland and Fire Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>83844</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lens, Frederic" sort="Lens, Frederic" uniqKey="Lens F" first="Frederic" last="Lens">Frederic Lens</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden University, PO Box 9517, 2300RA, Leiden, the Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden University, PO Box 9517, 2300RA, Leiden</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Leyde</settlement>
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</placeName>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Maherali, Hafiz" sort="Maherali, Hafiz" uniqKey="Maherali H" first="Hafiz" last="Maherali">Hafiz Maherali</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G2W1, Canada.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G2W1</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>N1G2W1</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Martinez Vilalta, Jordi" sort="Martinez Vilalta, Jordi" uniqKey="Martinez Vilalta J" first="Jordi" last="Martínez-Vilalta">Jordi Martínez-Vilalta</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, E-08193, Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, E-08193, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mayr, Stefan" sort="Mayr, Stefan" uniqKey="Mayr S" first="Stefan" last="Mayr">Stefan Mayr</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestr. 15, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestr. 15, 6020, Innsbruck</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Innsbruck</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mcculloh, Katherine A" sort="Mcculloh, Katherine A" uniqKey="Mcculloh K" first="Katherine A" last="Mcculloh">Katherine A. Mcculloh</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>53705</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mencuccini, Maurizio" sort="Mencuccini, Maurizio" uniqKey="Mencuccini M" first="Maurizio" last="Mencuccini">Maurizio Mencuccini</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>ICREA at CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, E-08193, Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>ICREA at CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, E-08193, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region>
</placeName>
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<author><name sortKey="Mitchell, Patrick J" sort="Mitchell, Patrick J" uniqKey="Mitchell P" first="Patrick J" last="Mitchell">Patrick J. Mitchell</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>CSIRO Land and Water Flagship, Sandy Bay, Tasmania, 7005, Australia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>CSIRO Land and Water Flagship, Sandy Bay, Tasmania, 7005</wicri:regionArea>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Morris, Hugh" sort="Morris, Hugh" uniqKey="Morris H" first="Hugh" last="Morris">Hugh Morris</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Nardini, Andrea" sort="Nardini, Andrea" uniqKey="Nardini A" first="Andrea" last="Nardini">Andrea Nardini</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dipartimento Scienze della Vita, Università Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Dipartimento Scienze della Vita, Università Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127, Trieste</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Trieste</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pittermann, Jarmila" sort="Pittermann, Jarmila" uniqKey="Pittermann J" first="Jarmila" last="Pittermann">Jarmila Pittermann</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>95064</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Plavcova, Lenka" sort="Plavcova, Lenka" uniqKey="Plavcova L" first="Lenka" last="Plavcová">Lenka Plavcová</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>89081, Ulm</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>89081, Ulm</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Ulm</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schreiber, Stefan G" sort="Schreiber, Stefan G" uniqKey="Schreiber S" first="Stefan G" last="Schreiber">Stefan G. Schreiber</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>AB T6G 2E3</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sperry, John S" sort="Sperry, John S" uniqKey="Sperry J" first="John S" last="Sperry">John S. Sperry</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biology, University of Utah, 257S 1400E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology, University of Utah, 257S 1400E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>84112</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wright, Ian J" sort="Wright, Ian J" uniqKey="Wright I" first="Ian J" last="Wright">Ian J. Wright</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>2109</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zanne, Amy E" sort="Zanne, Amy E" uniqKey="Zanne A" first="Amy E" last="Zanne">Amy E. Zanne</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Suite 6000, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Suite 6000, Washington, DC, 20052</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>20052</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
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</analytic>
<series><title level="j">The New phytologist</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1469-8137</idno>
<imprint><date when="2016" type="published">2016</date>
</imprint>
</series>
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<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Angiosperms (physiology)</term>
<term>Gymnosperms (physiology)</term>
<term>Plant Leaves (physiology)</term>
<term>Plant Transpiration</term>
<term>Water (physiology)</term>
<term>Wood</term>
<term>Xylem (physiology)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Angiospermes (physiologie)</term>
<term>Bois</term>
<term>Eau (physiologie)</term>
<term>Feuilles de plante (physiologie)</term>
<term>Gymnospermes (physiologie)</term>
<term>Transpiration des plantes</term>
<term>Xylème (physiologie)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="physiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Water</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Angiospermes</term>
<term>Eau</term>
<term>Feuilles de plante</term>
<term>Gymnospermes</term>
<term>Xylème</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Angiosperms</term>
<term>Gymnosperms</term>
<term>Plant Leaves</term>
<term>Xylem</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Plant Transpiration</term>
<term>Wood</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Bois</term>
<term>Transpiration des plantes</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The evolution of lignified xylem allowed for the efficient transport of water under tension, but also exposed the vascular network to the risk of gas emboli and the spread of gas between xylem conduits, thus impeding sap transport to the leaves. A well-known hypothesis proposes that the safety of xylem (its ability to resist embolism formation and spread) should trade off against xylem efficiency (its capacity to transport water). We tested this safety-efficiency hypothesis in branch xylem across 335 angiosperm and 89 gymnosperm species. Safety was considered at three levels: the xylem water potentials where 12%, 50% and 88% of maximal conductivity are lost. Although correlations between safety and efficiency were weak (r(2)  < 0.086), no species had high efficiency and high safety, supporting the idea for a safety-efficiency tradeoff. However, many species had low efficiency and low safety. Species with low efficiency and low safety were weakly associated (r(2)  < 0.02 in most cases) with higher wood density, lower leaf- to sapwood-area and shorter stature. There appears to be no persuasive explanation for the considerable number of species with both low efficiency and low safety. These species represent a real challenge for understanding the evolution of xylem.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
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<li>France</li>
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<country name="Canada"><noRegion><name sortKey="Hacke, Uwe G" sort="Hacke, Uwe G" uniqKey="Hacke U" first="Uwe G" last="Hacke">Uwe G. Hacke</name>
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   |texte=   Weak tradeoff between xylem safety and xylem-specific hydraulic efficiency across the world's woody plant species.
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Serveur d'exploration sur les relations entre la France et l'Australie

Weak tradeoff between xylem safety and xylem-specific hydraulic efficiency across the world's woody plant species.

Weak tradeoff between xylem safety and xylem-specific hydraulic efficiency across the world's woody plant species.

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	Serveur d'exploration sur les relations entre la France et l'Australie
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